Herbal supplements are increasingly popular, with over half of US adults using them. The global market for these products is booming, further fueled by the COVID-19 pandemic’s impact on health awareness. However, while some supplements offer health benefits, combining them with prescribed medications, especially during surgery, can lead to serious complications. This article explores the potential interactions between herbal supplements and anesthesia, highlighting the importance of open communication between patients and healthcare providers.
The growing popularity of herbal supplements underscores the need for greater awareness of their potential interactions with other medications. A recent review in the Journal of Clinical Anesthesia emphasizes this concern, particularly regarding anesthetic medications used during surgery. Surprisingly, 50% to 70% of surgical patients don’t disclose their herbal supplement use to their physicians, often continuing to take them before and after surgery. This lack of communication can have significant consequences.
The World Health Organization defines herbal medicines as plant-based products used in traditional and complementary medicine. While many people perceive them as natural and therefore safe, they can still interact with other drugs, including anesthesia. Currently, the American Society of Anesthesiologists lacks specific guidelines on discontinuing herbal supplements before surgery. Research on the safety and efficacy of these supplements, especially concerning their interactions with anesthesia, is limited.
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This lack of comprehensive research makes it difficult to definitively predict all possible interactions. However, existing data suggests potential risks associated with combining certain herbal supplements and anesthesia. Commonly used supplements like garlic, ginger, ginkgo biloba, ginseng, and St. John’s wort, often taken for conditions like cardiovascular health, inflammation, and mood regulation, can potentially interact with anesthesia, leading to complications such as bleeding, altered blood pressure, and changes in drug metabolism.
Due to the potential for unforeseen complications, healthcare professionals need to be aware of patients’ herbal supplement use. The American Association of Nurse Anesthetists (AANA) recommends patients stop taking supplements two weeks before any surgery involving anesthesia to minimize adverse effects. Pharmacists play a crucial role in educating patients about the timing of supplement discontinuation, proper usage, and appropriate product selection.
Open communication between patients and healthcare providers is paramount. Patients should disclose all medications and supplements they are taking, including herbal remedies, to their doctors and pharmacists. This transparency allows healthcare professionals to assess potential risks and make informed decisions about anesthesia and other medications during the perioperative period. By working together, patients and healthcare providers can minimize potential complications and ensure the safest and most effective surgical experience. For personalized guidance regarding herbal supplements and surgery, consult with a healthcare professional.
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