European health officials are investigating a possible connection between the popular weight-loss drugs Ozempic and Wegovy and a rare eye condition that can lead to blindness. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) announced its review of two recent Danish studies that indicate a significantly increased risk of developing non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) in patients using semaglutide, the active ingredient in both medications.
NAION occurs when blood flow to the optic nerve is disrupted, causing swelling and damage that can result in severe vision loss or even blindness. The condition typically affects one eye at a time and onset is often sudden and painless. While previous research did not establish a link between GLP-1 receptor agonists (the drug class to which semaglutide belongs) and NAION, these new studies raise concerns.
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The Danish studies suggest that semaglutide may more than double the likelihood of developing NAION. The EMA is now thoroughly evaluating this new evidence to assess the potential risks associated with these medications. Novo Nordisk, the manufacturer of Ozempic and Wegovy, has released a statement emphasizing their commitment to patient safety and asserting that they believe the benefit-risk profile of semaglutide remains unchanged. However, the company acknowledges the need for continued monitoring and research.
This European investigation follows similar research conducted in the United States. A July 2023 study published in JAMA Ophthalmology analyzed data from over 16,000 patients and found a more than fourfold increase in NAION risk among those prescribed semaglutide.
It’s important to note that these studies demonstrate a correlation, not causation. Further research, including large-scale randomized controlled trials, is necessary to definitively determine whether semaglutide directly causes NAION. Dr. Joseph Rizzo, director of neuro-ophthalmology at Mass Eye and Ear, highlighted this point, explaining that while the current data reveals an association, it doesn’t confirm a causal relationship. A more rigorous clinical trial is needed to solidify the link between semaglutide and the development of this vision-threatening condition.
The EMA and other health organizations continue to monitor the situation closely. Patients currently taking Ozempic or Wegovy should consult with their healthcare providers to discuss any concerns they may have regarding potential vision changes or other side effects. Early detection and prompt medical attention are crucial in managing NAION and mitigating potential vision loss. While the investigation continues, individuals considering these medications should be aware of the potential risks and discuss them thoroughly with their doctors.
